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In C language, the If statement is used when we want to test a condition, which is evaluated for a boolean value - true or false.

• If this condition is true then the statement or a block of statements connected to the If statement is executed.


• If this continue is false then the statement or a block of statements connected to the If statement is not executed.

Note:

• To associate a single statement with an if statement, one doesn't necessarily need to enclose it in a pair of parentheses { } because a single statement declared right after an if statement is automatically associated with it.


• To associate multiple statements with an if statement, one should enclose these multiple statements within a pair of parentheses i.e. an opening parenthesis { and closing parenthesis }.


• To associate multiple statements with an if statement without enclosing these multiple statements within a pair of parentheses { } is not possible, doing so will not give you any compile error but only the first statement will be associated with the if statement and the rest statements will be treated as normal statements during the execution of your program

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C - if statement example

/* C - if statement program */

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
if(100>5)
	printf("100 is greater than 50 \n");

	
if(50<100)
{
	printf("50 is less than 100 \n");
	printf("Second statement to execute \n");
}


if(2>4)
{
	printf("2 is greater than 4 \n");
}


printf("Statement outside If Statement \n"); /*not associated with any if block*/

return 0;
}

Output is -

100 is greater than 50
50 is less than 100
Second statement to execute
Statement outside If Statement

Program Analysis

• The first if statement condition - 100>50, is true, hence its printf() statement prints its message.
• The second if statement condition - 50>100 is true, hence its associated printf() statement is executed.
• The last if statement condition - 2>4 is false, hence its printf() statement is not executed.
• Finally, the printf() statement outside the if block is executed without an issue.






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