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Arithmetic Operators

There are 5 kinds of arithmetic operators in Java -
• + operator(addition).
• - operator(subtraction).
• * operator(multiplication).
• / operator(division).
• % operator(modulus).

Arithmetic operators(+, -, /) operating on non-instance variables.




class A
{
public static void main(String...ar)
{
int x=20, y=20;			// local variables

int sum = x + y; 		//addition of two local int variables
int difference = x-y;		//subtraction of two local int variables
int multiplication = x * y; 	//multiplication of two local int variables

System.out.println("Sum of two int variables = "+ sum);
System.out.println("Subtraction of two int variables = "+ difference);
System.out.println("Multplication of two int variables = "+ multiplication);
}
}





Output is




Sum of two int variables = 40
Subtraction of two int variables = 0
Multplication of two int variables = 400








Arithmetic operators(+ - *) operating on instance variables.




class A
{
int a=20; //instance variable
int b=30; //instance variable
int result;

public static void main(String... ar)
{
A ob= new A();

ob.result = ob.a + ob.b; //addition of two instance variables of type int
System.out.println("Sum of two instance variables = "+ ob.result);


ob.result = ob.a - ob.b; //subtraction of two instance variables of type int
System.out.println("Subtraction of two instance variables = "+ ob.result);

ob.result = ob.a * ob.b; //multiplication of two instance variables of type int
System.out.println("Multiplication of two instance variables = "+ ob.result);
}
}

Output -




Sum of two instance variables = 50
Subtraction of two instance variables = -10
Multiplication of two instance variables = 600






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Division operator / and Modulus operator %



• Division operator / gives us the resulting quotient value after dividing two int values.
• Modulus operator % gives us the remainder value after dividing two int values.

class A
{
int i=20;
int j=10;

public static void main(String... ar)
{
A ob = new A();

System.out.println("Quotient after dividing 20 by 10 : " + ob.i / ob.j);
System.out.println("Remainder after diviiding 20 by 10 : " + ob.i % ob.j);

int a = 90;
int b = 20;

System.out.println("Quotient after dividing 90 by 20 : "+ a / b);
System.out.println("Remainder after dividing 90 by 20 : "+ a % b);
}

}





Output-




Quotient after dividing 20 by 10 : 2
Remainder after diviiding 20 by 10 : 0
Quotient after dividing 90 by 20 : 4
Remainder after dividing 90 by 20 : 10








Priorities of arithmetic operators in arithmetic expressions.



• + and - operator have a least priority in an arithmetic expression.
• *, / and % operators have an equal highest priority in an arithmetic expression.







Calculating arithmetic expressions with equal and unequal priorities.



• Calculation of an arithmetic expression involving operators with unequal priorities starts with the calculation of a sub-expression that involves an operator with the highest priority.
• Calculation of an arithmetic expression involving operators with equal priorities is made by evaluating expressions from left to right.

For example, when calculating an arithmetic expression 3+2x4-2, sub-expression involving * operator will be calculated first, because operator * has highest priority. Hence -
• 3+2*4-2, first 2*4 will be calculated, which results in the next expression
• 3+8-2, now + and - operator have an equal priority, so, expression will be calculated from left to right
• 11-2, which results in
• 9


Let's understand with a code -:

class A
{
public static void main(String... ar)
{
int result = 3+2-4+2;		// + - operators have equal priorities
System.out.println(result);

result = 3+2*4+2;		// + * + have unequal priorities
System.out.println(result);

result = 3+2*4/2;		// + * / operators have unequal priorities
System.out.println(result);

result = 3%2*4/2;		// % * / operators have equal priorities
System.out.println(result);
}
}





Output-




3
13
7
2





Program Analysis



• First arithmetic expression 3+2-4+2, is calculated left to the right as + - operator have equal priorities.
• Second expression 3+2*4+2, * operator have more priority than + , hence 2*4 is calculated first.
• Third expression 3+2*4/2, * / operators have more priority than + , hence 2*4 is calculated first
• Fourth expression 3%2*4/2, % * / operators have an equal priority, hence expression is calculated from left to the right, starting with 3%2.







Arithmetic expressions with sub-expressions in parenthesis ( ) will always be executed first




class A
{
public static void main(String... ar)
{

int result = (3+2)*4+2;
System.out.println(result);

result = 3%(2*4)/2;
System.out.println(result);
}
}





Output-




22
1





Program Analysis



• First expression (3+2)*4+2, although * has more priority than + but the sub-expression in () has the most priority hence (3+2) is calculated first.
• Second expression 3%(2*4)/2, although * % / have equal priority so this expression could be calculated left to right but the sub-expression in () has most priority hence (2*4) is calculated first.






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