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In C#, an If statement is used when we want to test a condition, which is evaluated for a boolean value - true or false.

• If this condition is true then the statement or a block of statements connected to the If statement is executed.


• If this condition is false then the statement or a block of statements connected to the If statement is not executed.

Note:

• To associate a single statement with an if statement, one doesn't necessarily need to enclose it in a pair of parentheses { } because a single statement declared right after an if statement is automatically associated with it.


• To associate multiple statements with an if statement, one should enclose these multiple statements within a pair of parentheses i.e. an opening parenthesis { and closing parenthesis }.


• To associate multiple statements with an if statement without enclosing these multiple statements within a pair of parentheses { } is not possible, doing so will not give you any compile error but only the first statement will be associated with the if statement and the rest statements will be treated as normal statements during the execution of your program

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C# - if statement example

//C# - if statement program
 

using System;
 
class A
{
public static void Main()
{

	int a = 100, b = 50;
	float f1 = 2.5f, f2 = 5.9f;
	
	//If there is just one statement associated with an if block then 
	//no curly braces are needed
	if(a>b)
		Console.WriteLine("100 is greater than 50");


	//If there is more than one statement associated with an if block then 
	//curly braces are needed	
	if(b<a)
	{
		Console.WriteLine("50 is less than 100");
		Console.WriteLine("Second statement to execute");
	}


	//You may add curly braces even with a single statement associated with an if block
	if(f1>f2)
	{
		Console.WriteLine("2 is greater than 4");
	}


	//This statement associated with any if block
	Console.WriteLine("Statement outside an If Statement"); 
}
}

Output is -

100 is greater than 5
50 is less than 100
Second statement to execute
Statement outside If Statement

Program Analysis

• The first if statement condition - a>b, is true, hence its Console.WriteLine() statement prints its message.
• The second if statement condition - b<a is true, hence its associated multiple Console.WriteLine() statements are executed.
• The last if statement condition - f1>f2 is false, hence its Console.WriteLine() statement is not executed.
• Finally, the last Console.WriteLine() statement outside any if block is executed without an issue.

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